Effect of Organic and Conventional Cereal Production Methods on Fusarium Head Blight and Mycotoxin Contamination Levels
نویسندگان
چکیده
Fusarium mycotoxins in cereals constitute major problems for animal and human health worldwide. A range of plant pathogenic species that can infect cereal plants the field are considered most important source mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), T-2 toxin, HT-2 small-grain crops temperate climates. In this article, we (i) critically review available knowledge on impact contrasting production systems (organic versus conventional) specific agronomic parameters occurrence concentrations DON, ZEA, T-2/HT-2 (wheat, oats, barley, rye), (ii) discuss mycotoxin risks context need to develop more sustainable systems. Overall, evidence from studies acceptable scientific quality suggests incidence lower organic compared with conventional cereals. Specifically, 24 comparisons showed levels production, 16 detected no significant difference, only 2 higher production. When mean all were compared, conventionally produced had 62%, 110%, 180% T-2/HT-2, respectively, than published effects practices suggest diverse crop rotations high soil matter content/biological activity associated a risk contamination, whereas mineral nitrogen fertiliser inputs, some fungicides herbicides, (iii) minimum or tillage may increase contamination The management head blight therefore, requires preventative, integrated, holistic approach.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Agronomy
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2156-3276', '0065-4663']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12040797